Lack of acute mental health inpatient beds
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust received 5 coroners' reports about this hazard between 25 Jul 2016 and 23 Nov 2023.
They came from 3 different coroners. A similar concern was raised again 4 times after the first warning.
A published response was found for 4 of the 4 earlier reports, stating 7 specific actions.
The story, report by report
Spacing grows with the time between reports.
“The deceased could not be admitted to hospital as there were no inpatient beds available.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust responded, stating 4 specific actions.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
“Creation of an urgent care assessment team to concentrate specifically on the assessment of patients who are in crisis. This approach has been piloted and has demonstrated that having an urgent care assessment team improves outcomes for patients at this vulnerable time. The substantive team will be in place by the end of September 2016”
Stated timescale: end of September 2016
Web search (Tavily): No evidence found either way
Urgent care ↗“One consultant psychiatrist will form part of each home treatment team to ensure that all patients who are presenting high levels of risk have daily access to medical review or medical opinion. This will be in place across all of our home treatment teams by the end of October 2016”
Stated timescale: end of October 2016
Web search (Tavily): No evidence found either way
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation ... ↗2 more stated actions in the Promises tab.
- 2 years 6 months laterIdentical hazardConfidence 0.92 · high
“In August 2018 the deceased required inpatient treatment. There were no beds available and as a result he had further episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Repeated from the earlier report:inpatientbedsavailable
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust responded, stating 2 specific actions.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
“From September 2019, subject to recruitment, we anticipate to be in a position whereby every individual Home Treatment Team has a 0.5WTE Clinical Psychologist within their team”
Stated timescale: September 2019
Web search (Tavily): No evidence found either way
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ↗“The CCG has recently provided a comprehensive report to the HM Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull on mental health services in the area, in response to a Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths.”
Web search (Tavily): No evidence found either way
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Found ↗ - 8 months laterIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · higha different coroner
“Between the 16th March 2019 and the 25th April 2019, a bed could not be found for the Deceased even though he had been assessed and fit for detention.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust responded, stating 1 specific action.Response (PDF) ↗
“The CCG has been working closely with both local mental health service providers and the third sector, with the aim of improving the service offer for people experiencing a mental health crisis. Stakeholders are working on designing community based services, which will increase accessibility for those in crisis and their families, to deliver the most appropriate support at the earliest opportunity.”
Web search (Tavily): No evidence found either way
Welcome - Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ↗ - 3 years 3 months laterClosely relatedConfidence 0.85 · higha different coroner
“Lack of inpatient mental health beds and lack of Psychiatric decisions unit (PDU) spaces: The inquest heard how there was a regional and national lack of inpatient beds and spaces in PDU.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust responded.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
- 10 months laterClosely relatedConfidence 0.90 · higha different coroner
“My principal concern is that the above dates indicate available psychiatric bed capacity in Birmingham and Solihull remains inadequate.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust responded.Response (PDF) ↗
- All reports to Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
Each row is one judged link between an earlier and a later report. Open a row to read both quotes, found word for word in the originals.
2016 → 2019Stephen Kennedy2 years 6 months after Patricia Cleghorn · same coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.92 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.92 · highBoth reports highlight the lack of available acute mental health inpatient beds leading to vulnerable individuals remaining in the community without adequate care.
Patricia Cleghorn · 25 Jul 2016
“The deceased could not be admitted to hospital as there were no inpatient beds available.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stephen Kennedy · 7 Feb 2019
“In August 2018 the deceased required inpatient treatment. There were no beds available and as a result he had further episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2019 → 2019Anthony McCormack8 months after Stephen Kennedy · different coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports highlight the unavailability of acute psychiatric beds as a critical safety issue. This shortage led to delayed inpatient care and increased risk of self‑harm.
Stephen Kennedy · 7 Feb 2019
“There were no beds available and as a result he had further episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Anthony McCormack · 27 Sept 2019
“Between the 16th March 2019 and the 25th April 2019, a bed could not be found for the Deceased even though he had been assessed and fit for detention.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2016 → 2019Anthony McCormack3 years 2 months after Patricia Cleghorn · different coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.85 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.85 · highBoth reports highlight a lack of available acute mental health inpatient beds leading to inadequate care and increased risk of death.
Patricia Cleghorn · 25 Jul 2016
“availability of acute mental health beds means the most vulnerable people are being cared for in the community with limited resources and care.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Anthony McCormack · 27 Sept 2019
“a bed could not be found for the Deceased even though he had been assessed and fit for detention. The absence of a bed meant that Mr [name redacted] was not adequately assessed and appropriate treatment could not be given.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“Creation of an urgent care assessment team to concentrate specifically on the assessment of patients who are in crisis. This approach has been piloted and has demonstrated that having an urgent care assessment team improves outcomes for patients at this vulnerable time. The substantive team will be in place by the end of September 2016”
2019 → 2023Leroy Hamilton3 years 3 months after Anthony McCormack · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.85 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.85 · highBoth reports highlight a shortage of inpatient mental health beds as a core safety issue. The later report adds concern about insufficient Psychiatric Decision Unit spaces and resulting risks in emergency departments.
Anthony McCormack · 27 Sept 2019
“Between the 16th March 2019 and the 25th April 2019, a bed could not be found for the Deceased even though he had been assessed and fit for detention.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Leroy Hamilton · 11 Jan 2023
“Lack of inpatient mental health beds and lack of Psychiatric decisions unit (PDU) spaces: The inquest heard how there was a regional and national lack of inpatient beds and spaces in PDU.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“The CCG has been working closely with both local mental health service providers and the third sector, with the aim of improving the service offer for people experiencing a mental health crisis. Stakeholders are working on designing community based services, which will increase accessibility for those in crisis and their families, to deliver the most appropriate support at the earliest opportunity.”
2019 → 2023Leroy Hamilton3 years 11 months after Stephen Kennedy · same coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.85 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.85 · highBoth reports highlight a shortage of acute inpatient mental health beds as a safety issue. The earlier report links the shortage to self‑harm, while the later report links it to patients being left unattended in emergency departments.
Stephen Kennedy · 7 Feb 2019
“In August 2018 the deceased required inpatient treatment. There were no beds available and as a result he had further episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Leroy Hamilton · 11 Jan 2023
“it is often the case that due to the lack of inpatient beds and PDU spaces patients are often left in the Emergency department unattended or sent home with periodic reviews by the home treatment team whilst waiting for a bed”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2019 → 2023Philip Malone4 years 2 months after Anthony McCormack · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.90 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports highlight a continuing shortage of psychiatric beds in Birmingham and Solihull that prevents timely admission and appropriate care. The later report notes the insufficiency persists despite some actions taken.
Anthony McCormack · 27 Sept 2019
“Between the 16th March 2019 and the 25th April 2019, a bed could not be found for the Deceased even though he had been assessed and fit for detention.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Philip Malone · 23 Nov 2023
“My principal concern is that the above dates indicate available psychiatric bed capacity in Birmingham and Solihull remains inadequate.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“The CCG has been working closely with both local mental health service providers and the third sector, with the aim of improving the service offer for people experiencing a mental health crisis. Stakeholders are working on designing community based services, which will increase accessibility for those in crisis and their families, to deliver the most appropriate support at the earliest opportunity.”
2019 → 2023Philip Malone4 years 9 months after Stephen Kennedy · different coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports highlight the unavailability of psychiatric/acute beds leading to increased risk of self‑harm and suicide attempts. They describe the same systemic shortage of inpatient capacity as the core safety concern.
Stephen Kennedy · 7 Feb 2019
“In August 2018 the deceased required inpatient treatment. There were no beds available and as a result he had further episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Philip Malone · 23 Nov 2023
“no bed was available in August 2022”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2023 → 2023Philip Malone10 months after Leroy Hamilton · different coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports highlight the ongoing shortage of psychiatric/inpatient mental health beds as a safety concern. They describe the same underlying problem of insufficient bed capacity leading to unsafe patient management.
Leroy Hamilton · 11 Jan 2023
“Lack of inpatient mental health beds and lack of Psychiatric decisions unit (PDU) spaces: The inquest heard how there was a regional and national lack of inpatient beds and spaces in PDU.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Philip Malone · 23 Nov 2023
“Despite recognising Mr [name redacted] needed to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital in June 2023 but there was no bed capacity”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“Consideration is needed urgently to fund further mental health beds and PDU spaces to ensure patients are not kept unattended in extremely busy emergency departments.”
Stated action · timescale: end of September 2016
“Creation of an urgent care assessment team to concentrate specifically on the assessment of patients who are in crisis. This approach has been piloted and has demonstrated that having an urgent care assessment team improves outcomes for patients at this vulnerable time. The substantive team will be in place by the end of September 2016”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust describes an urgent care pathway and crisis services but does not specify a team to be established by the end of September 2016.
“Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust has an urgent care pathway which has been developed to improve patients' access to urgent mental health assessment. This pathway involves partnerships with the acute hospitals in Birmingham and Solihull, plus the Police, West Midlands Ambulance Service and third sector organisations. At the core of the work is the delivery of the crisis”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action · timescale: end of October 2016
“One consultant psychiatrist will form part of each home treatment team to ensure that all patients who are presenting high levels of risk have daily access to medical review or medical opinion. This will be in place across all of our home treatment teams by the end of October 2016”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The trust's strategy mentions digital transformation and service development but does not specify a timeline for implementing daily medical reviews in home treatment teams.
“Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust provides mental health services for people of Birmingham and Solihull, and to communities in the West Midlands and beyond.”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action · timescale: 12th September 2016
“We will take action with regards to managing the breach of policy The Senior Nurse for Professional Standards issued a formal practice alert on 12th September 2016 to registered and unregistered clinicians in our crisis and community teams to reinforce the requirements for: Clinical Risk Assessments regarding risk of self-harm and/or suicide; Risk Assessments with regard to medicines management and self-medication; Safe administration of medication as per current Medicines Code and NMC Code.”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The Trust's public pages and policy documents describe a formal practice alert issued on 12th September 2016 reinforcing requirements for risk assessments and medication safety, but no source confirms the alert was implemented or withdrawn.
“Welcome to Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Excellent care, empowered people, thriving communities”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action · timescale: 2020/21
“NHS England recently established an adult mental health programme which is taking a whole system approach comprising crisis, acute, and community/primary care work streams. The acute care work stream has been developed in response to a number of recommendations set out by the Commission on Acute Adult Psychiatric Care and The Five Year Forward View for Mental Health, and is particularly relevant to the concerns outlined in your report.”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The NHS England adult mental health programme was described as a whole-system initiative with an acute care work stream developed in response to recommendations, but no source confirms it was operational by 2020/21.
“The Commission to review the provision of acute inpatient psychiatric care for adults FEBRUARY 2016 OLD PROBLEMS, NEW SOLUTIONS: Improving acute psychiatric care for adults in England FINAL REPORT Old Problems, New Solutions: Improving Acute Psychiatric Care for Adults in England Published: February 2016 The independent Commission on Acute Adult Psychiatric Care was set up by the Royal College of”
“Mental Health - Adult Crisis and Acute Care GIRFT Programme National Specialty Report By Dr [name redacted] GIRFT Clinical Lead April 2021 GIRFT is delivered in partnership with the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, NHS England and NHS Improvement 2 Contents Foreword................................................................................................................”
“CLINICAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Extended Acute Care (EAC) Services Updated March 2026 CPS: EXTENDED ACUTE CARE (EAC) SERVICES Updated March 2026 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Scope of Services ..................................”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action · timescale: September 2019
“From September 2019, subject to recruitment, we anticipate to be in a position whereby every individual Home Treatment Team has a 0.5WTE Clinical Psychologist within their team”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The trust's LinkedIn profile describes its services but does not mention a specific commitment to assign 0.5 whole-time equivalent clinical psychologists to each home treatment team by September 2019.
“Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust (BSMHFT) is proud to provide inpatient, community and specialist mental health care for over 80,000 people across Birmingham and Solihull and the West Midlands.”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action
“The CCG has recently provided a comprehensive report to the HM Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull on mental health services in the area, in response to a Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths.”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The promised report was referenced in the coroner's Regulation 28 notice but no evidence of its submission or completion was found in the provided sources.
“The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest. The conclusion of the inquest was; Killed unlawfully”
“I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.”
“The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest. The conclusion of the inquest was; Killed unlawfully”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
Stated action
“The CCG has been working closely with both local mental health service providers and the third sector, with the aim of improving the service offer for people experiencing a mental health crisis. Stakeholders are working on designing community based services, which will increase accessibility for those in crisis and their families, to deliver the most appropriate support at the earliest opportunity.”
What happened next: No evidence found either way
The Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust website and related sources describe ongoing efforts to improve mental health crisis services and develop community-based support, but do not specify any promised action that was to be carried out by a stated timeframe.
“Welcome to Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Excellent care, empowered people, thriving communities”
No evidence found does not mean the action did not happen.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
- Each report's concerns were extracted by Nemotron 3 Nano on Nebius Token Factory, each with a quote copied from the report.
- Concerns from reports to Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust at least six months apart were compared by meaning (Qwen3 embeddings) and wording (TF-IDF).
- The closest pairs were judged by Nemotron 3 Super with reasoning on. Only identical or closely related, with confidence of at least 0.70, are shown.
- Every quote was checked by code as an exact substring of the original text. Names of staff and family are redacted, and the deceased are named by report title only.
| Link | Meaning | Wording | Judge | Coroner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 → 2019 | 0.70 | 0.19 | Identical · 0.92 | same |
| 2019 → 2019 | 0.81 | 0.11 | Identical · 0.90 | different |
| 2016 → 2019 | 0.70 | 0.10 | Identical · 0.85 | different |
| 2019 → 2023 | 0.69 | 0.21 | Closely related · 0.85 | different |
| 2019 → 2023 | 0.68 | 0.13 | Closely related · 0.85 | same |
| 2019 → 2023 | 0.81 | 0.05 | Closely related · 0.90 | different |
| 2019 → 2023 | 0.77 | 0.04 | Identical · 0.90 | different |
| 2023 → 2023 | 0.69 | 0.08 | Identical · 0.90 | different |
Judge model: nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b. How Nemotron did the work · Full methodology.
Next
Other chains for Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
- Lack of approved mental health practitioner for assessment3 reports · 2017–2025
- Lack of medication monitoring after clinic visit2 reports · 2023–2025
- Lack of risk assessment for missing persons2 reports · 2016–2023
- Insufficient nighttime staffing leading to missed healthcare involvement in ACCT2 reports · 2014–2018
This shows that a similar concern was raised again after an earlier report. It does not say why, and it is not a finding about any organisation or person. To report an error, see the corrections route.